Graph-BFS


Lear Theory - BFS

/** BFS Implementation *************/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define MAX_VERTICES 10

// Function to perform Breadth-First Search (BFS)
void bfs(int startVertex, int visited[MAX_VERTICES], int adjacencyMatrix[MAX_VERTICES][MAX_VERTICES], int numVertices) {
    // Create a queue for BFS
    int queue[MAX_VERTICES];
    int front = -1, rear = -1;

    // Enqueue the startVertex
    queue[++rear] = startVertex;
    visited[startVertex] = 1;

    while (front != rear) {
        // Dequeue a vertex from the front of the queue
        int currentVertex = queue[++front];
        printf("V%d ", currentVertex ); // Assuming vertex labels are 'V0', 'V1', 'V2', ...

        // Enqueue all unvisited neighbors
        for (int i = 0; i < numVertices; i++) {
            if (adjacencyMatrix[currentVertex][i] == 1 && !visited[i]) {
                queue[++rear] = i;
                visited[i] = 1;
            }
        }
    }
}
int main() {
    int numVertices, i, j;

    printf("Enter the number of vertices (max %d): ", MAX_VERTICES);
    scanf("%d", &numVertices);

    // Input the adjacency matrix
    int adjacencyMatrix[MAX_VERTICES][MAX_VERTICES];
    printf("Enter the adjacency matrix (1 for connected, 0 for not connected):\n");
    for (i = 0; i < numVertices; i++) {
        for (j = 0; j < numVertices; j++) {
            scanf("%d", &adjacencyMatrix[i][j]);
        }
    }

    // Array to keep track of visited vertices
    int visited[MAX_VERTICES] = {0};

    // Perform BFS starting from each unvisited vertex
    printf("BFS Traversal Order:\n");
    for (i = 0; i < numVertices; i++) {
        if (!visited[i]) {
            bfs(i, visited, adjacencyMatrix, numVertices);
        }
    }

    return 0;
}



/****  Alternate Implementation of BFS *********/

#include <stdio.h>
struct vertex{
int num;
int visit;
}Q[50],v[50],t;

int adj[50][50],n,f=-1,r=-1;
void addq(struct vertex v)
{
r++;
Q[r]=v;
}
struct vertex deleteq()
{
++f;
return(Q[f]);
}
int qempty()
{
if(f==r) return 1;else return 0;
}
void bfs()
{ int i;
    addq(v[1]);v[1].visit=1;
    while(!qempty())
    {
    t=deleteq();
    
    printf("V%d-------->",t.num);
   
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) if(adj[t.num][i]==1 && v[i].visit==0) {addq(v[i]);v[i].visit=1;}
  }
}

void read()
{ int ad,i;
printf("Enter the Number of vertices\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
// storing element from [1][1]
//// assuming the vertices are numbered v1 v2..vn and we will enter only the index 1,2...n
for(i=1;i<=n;i++) {v[i].num=i;v[i].visit=0;}
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
    printf("Enter the list of vertices adjacent to v%d -1 to stop\n",i);
    while(1)
   {
     scanf("%d",&ad);
    if(ad==-1) break;
    adj[i][ad]=1;
    }
}
}//end of read
void disp()
{
printf("Adjacency Matrix..\n");
for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
for(int j=1;j<=n;j++)
    printf("%5d",adj[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
}
int main()
{
read();
disp();
printf("Breadth First Search Result\n");
bfs();
return 0;
}

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